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Snakes have one primary defensive weapon, and if they feel threatened, they will not hesitate to use it: their teeth.
Non-venomous Bites
If you are bitten by a snake that you know is non-venomous, you can still get an infection from that bite. Use direct pressure to stop any bleeding. Make sure that the snake has not broken off a tooth into the wound. If a tooth is visible, remove it with tweezers, taking care to not push it farther into the wound. Wash the wound as soon as possible with soap and water and use an antiseptic. Do not use rubbing alcohol, hydrogen peroxide, iodine, or mercurochrome, which can harm the tissue and slow wound healing. Soak the wound in warm water for 20 minutes, 2 to 4 times a day, for the next 4 to 5 days. The warmth from the water will increase the blood flow to the area, which helps reduce the risk of infection. An ice pack may help to reduce swelling. You may need to get a tetanus shot.
If the bite shows signs of infection, contact your health care provider immediately.
Venomous Bites
If you have been bitten by a venomous snake, or if you do not know what kind of snake bit you, call 911 or other emergency services immediately. Do not wait for symptoms to develop. Symptoms may progress from mild to severe rapidly. Deaths from copperheads are very rare. Children and those with impaired immune system are at more risk. Keep in mind that approximately 50% of venenomous snake bites are considered dry strikes with no venom in them. However, no matter the circumstance, always assume that venom has been injected, and seek medical attention immediate if bitten.
Remain calm. Lie down and stay as quiet and still as possible after the bite. Any physical activity may increase the flow of venom to the bloodstream. Remove any jewelry on the bitten limb. The limb might swell, making it more difficult to remove the jewelry after swelling begins. With a pen, mark the edge of the swelling around the bite every 15 minutes so the progression of swelling can be evaluated. Apply a splint on an arm or leg that was bitten to limit motion and limit the flow of venom into the bloodstream. If possible, keep the bitten area at or slightly lower than the level of the heart. Drink fluids (not alcohol) in frequent, small amounts unless vomiting is a problem. This will help prevent dehydration and reduce the risk of shock.
Avoid these treatment measures
Avoid doing anything that might cause more problems with the snake bite.
- Do not cut the bite open.
- Do not suck on the bite wound.
- Do not apply a narrow band or snug tourniquet that cuts off circulation to a limb. It can do more harm than good.
- Do not immerse a hand or foot in ice water or pack a limb in ice. This can increase damage to the skin and cause a cold-induced injury, such as frostbite.
- Do not elevate the bitten arm or leg above the head. This may increase the flow of venom into the bloodstream.
- Do not drink alcoholic beverages.
- Do not give the following nonprescription medications after a poisonous snake or lizard bite. They may cause increased bleeding.
- Aspirin
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs):
- Ibuprofen, such as Advil or Motrin
- Naproxen, such as Aleve or Naprosyn
- Ketoprofen, such as Actron or Orudis
Information on this page, courtesy of Yahoo! Health.
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